Aztreonam is a monobactam antibiotic that is primarily utilized in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It is particularly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, making it a valuable option in clinical settings where resistance to other antibiotics is a concern. Aztreonam's unique beta-lactam structure allows it to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell lysis and death. This compound is often employed in hospitals for patients with compromised immune systems or those undergoing surgical procedures, where the risk of infection is heightened.

In addition to its therapeutic applications, Aztreonam is also used in research settings to study antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the efficacy of combination therapies. Its specificity for gram-negative bacteria, combined with a favorable safety profile, positions it as a critical tool in both clinical and laboratory environments. Researchers and healthcare professionals appreciate Aztreonam for its targeted action and minimal cross-reactivity with other beta-lactam antibiotics, making it a preferred choice for treating infections in patients with penicillin allergies.