Bilirubin is a vital organic compound that plays a significant role in various biological processes, particularly in the metabolism of heme. This yellow-orange pigment is primarily known for its function as a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown, making it essential in clinical diagnostics and research. Its unique properties allow it to be used in phototherapy for treating neonatal jaundice, where it effectively reduces high bilirubin levels in infants. Additionally, bilirubin's antioxidant properties have garnered interest in research, highlighting its potential protective effects against oxidative stress in various diseases.

In the pharmaceutical industry, bilirubin is being explored for its therapeutic applications, including its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Researchers are investigating its role in conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders, where its ability to modulate inflammation and oxidative damage could offer significant benefits. With its multifaceted applications and ongoing research, bilirubin continues to be a compound of interest for both clinical and industrial professionals seeking innovative solutions in health and medicine.